[arrl-odv:33790] Motion to modify By-Law 40: ECFSC -- Revision 1
I appreciate the comments I've received on this proposed motion. Carl Luetzelschwab, K0LA, suggested inserting three commas to make sure all statements read correctly. I've inserted those commas in the attached version. Thanks for catching these, Carl. Unless something major comes up, I don't plan on another revision. Thanks and 73, Art K0AIZ The ECFSC is a new and very important addition to our standing committees. While strongly supporting that committee, we also need to be very mindful, as stated in the ARRL Policy on Board Governance and Conduct of Members, that, "A Board member must appreciate the strategic and policy role of the Board, and respect the separate and distinct roles of the CEO and ARRL staff to responsibly manage and administer ARRL’s day-to-day activities." In that light, I hereby propose amendments to By-Law 40 to better align the relationship between the ECFSC and ARRL staff with board policy and best board practice. For your consideration, the motion to modify the By-Law is attached. The reason for most of the modifications should be readily apparent. The seventh bullet is dropped because it becomes redundant with the proposed wording. The ninth bullet is dropped to assure that the board president has full authority to appoint committee members as appropriate. The section on Initial Membership is dropped because it is no longer relevant. I also numbered the bullets so that they can be referenced more easily. Please let me know if you have questions or comments. Respectfully submitted, Art K0AIZ -- Arthur I. Zygielbaum, K0AIZ ARRL Midwest Division Director Chair, Ethics and Elections Committee Member, Programs and Services Committee ARRL - The national association for Amateur Radio®
Art/Jeff; I'll throw in my two watts here, and for the entertainment of ODV: Executive summary: I do not support this motion, as it absolutely neuters what the ECFSC committee can do regarding initiating any new programs that have the support of the full Board. An example of where this comes into play is the recent Clean Signal Initiative (CSI), which was authored through a select working group, fully supported and approved by the Standing Committee, (in this case the PSC), then voted upon 15-0 to enact as a formal program by the full Board last January. The motion does in-fact direct (not recommend), the CEO to incorporate the articles to support the CSI as listed in the motion. It appears that your changes gives the CEO, or their designee the power to override Board standing committee recommendations and decisions. In the case of the CSI, it would have gone to the CEO as a recommendation that he could absolutely choose to ignore. The full Board felt CSI was important enough to be a directive, not just a recommendation. You take away that power from the Board. Also, the use of pronouns are sort of out of vogue at the moment. I would suggest changing "him/her designee" where designated to "their designee". FWIW. 73; Mike W7VO
On 06/15/2022 11:34 AM Art Zygielbaum <k0aiz@arrl.org> wrote:
I appreciate the comments I've received on this proposed motion. Carl Luetzelschwab, K0LA, suggested inserting three commas to make sure all statements read correctly. I've inserted those commas in the attached version. Thanks for catching these, Carl.
Unless something major comes up, I don't plan on another revision.
Thanks and 73,
Art K0AIZ
The ECFSC is a new and very important addition to our standing committees. While strongly supporting that committee, we also need to be very mindful, as stated in the ARRL Policy on Board Governance and Conduct of Members, that, "A Board member must appreciate the strategic and policy role of the Board, and respect the separate and distinct roles of the CEO and ARRL staff to responsibly manage and administer ARRL’s day-to-day activities."
In that light, I hereby propose amendments to By-Law 40 to better align the relationship between the ECFSC and ARRL staff with board policy and best board practice.
For your consideration, the motion to modify the By-Law is attached. The reason for most of the modifications should be readily apparent. The seventh bullet is dropped because it becomes redundant with the proposed wording. The ninth bullet is dropped to assure that the board president has full authority to appoint committee members as appropriate. The section on Initial Membership is dropped because it is no longer relevant. I also numbered the bullets so that they can be referenced more easily.
Please let me know if you have questions or comments.
Respectfully submitted,
Art K0AIZ
-- Arthur I. Zygielbaum, K0AIZ ARRL Midwest Division Director Chair, Ethics and Elections Committee Member, Programs and Services Committee ARRL - The national association for Amateur Radio® _______________________________________________ arrl-odv mailing list arrl-odv@reflector.arrl.org https://reflector.arrl.org/mailman/listinfo/arrl-odv
Mike, I respect and appreciate your opinion. I've worried about the same topic. The ECFSC can always make a motion to the full board to accomplish "something." That would provide board direction to the CEO. I think it's better to handle things that way than to have even a standing committee have the authority to direct staff. (EC is, of course, has a special status in this regard.) That appears to be how the CSI was accomplished. To be clear, we are not removing power from the Board the Board can direct the CEO. We are limiting the power of a group of directors and a committee. As I pointed out, the current charter for the ECFSC violates the intent of the ARRL Policy that I quoted. Again, I appreciate your points. They are important to consider. 73, Art On 6/15/2022 2:43 PM, Michael Ritz wrote:
Art/Jeff;
I'll throw in my two watts here, and for the entertainment of ODV:
Executive summary: I do not support this motion, as it absolutely neuters what the ECFSC committee can do regarding initiating any new programs that have the support of the full Board.
An example of where this comes into play is the recent Clean Signal Initiative (CSI), which was authored through a select working group, fully supported and approved by the Standing Committee, (in this case the PSC), then voted upon 15-0 to enact as a formal program by the full Board last January. The motion does in-fact direct (not recommend), the CEO to incorporate the articles to support the CSI as listed in the motion.
It appears that your changes gives the CEO, or their designee the power to override Board standing committee recommendations and decisions. In the case of the CSI, it would have gone to the CEO as a recommendation that he could absolutely choose to ignore. The full Board felt CSI was important enough to be a directive, not just a recommendation. You take away that power from the Board.
Also, the use of pronouns are sort of out of vogue at the moment. I would suggest changing "him/her designee" where designated to "their designee".
FWIW.
73; Mike W7VO
On 06/15/2022 11:34 AM Art Zygielbaum <k0aiz@arrl.org> wrote:
I appreciate the comments I've received on this proposed motion. Carl Luetzelschwab, K0LA, suggested inserting three commas to make sure all statements read correctly. I've inserted those commas in the attached version. Thanks for catching these, Carl.
Unless something major comes up, I don't plan on another revision.
Thanks and 73,
Art K0AIZ
The ECFSC is a new and very important addition to our standing committees. While strongly supporting that committee, we also need to be very mindful, as stated in the ARRL Policy on Board Governance and Conduct of Members, that, "A Board member must appreciate the strategic and policy role of the Board, and respect the separate and distinct roles of the CEO and ARRL staff to responsibly manage and administer ARRL’s day-to-day activities."
In that light, I hereby propose amendments to By-Law 40 to better align the relationship between the ECFSC and ARRL staff with board policy and best board practice.
For your consideration, the motion to modify the By-Law is attached. The reason for most of the modifications should be readily apparent. The seventh bullet is dropped because it becomes redundant with the proposed wording. The ninth bullet is dropped to assure that the board president has full authority to appoint committee members as appropriate. The section on Initial Membership is dropped because it is no longer relevant. I also numbered the bullets so that they can be referenced more easily.
Please let me know if you have questions or comments.
Respectfully submitted,
Art K0AIZ
-- Arthur I. Zygielbaum, K0AIZ ARRL Midwest Division Director Chair, Ethics and Elections Committee Member, Programs and Services Committee ARRL - The national association for Amateur Radio® _______________________________________________ arrl-odv mailing list arrl-odv@reflector.arrl.org https://reflector.arrl.org/mailman/listinfo/arrl-odv
arrl-odv mailing list arrl-odv@reflector.arrl.org https://reflector.arrl.org/mailman/listinfo/arrl-odv
Mike, And thanks for the pronoun suggestion, too. You're right. 73, Art On 6/15/2022 2:43 PM, Michael Ritz wrote:
Art/Jeff;
I'll throw in my two watts here, and for the entertainment of ODV:
Executive summary: I do not support this motion, as it absolutely neuters what the ECFSC committee can do regarding initiating any new programs that have the support of the full Board.
An example of where this comes into play is the recent Clean Signal Initiative (CSI), which was authored through a select working group, fully supported and approved by the Standing Committee, (in this case the PSC), then voted upon 15-0 to enact as a formal program by the full Board last January. The motion does in-fact direct (not recommend), the CEO to incorporate the articles to support the CSI as listed in the motion.
It appears that your changes gives the CEO, or their designee the power to override Board standing committee recommendations and decisions. In the case of the CSI, it would have gone to the CEO as a recommendation that he could absolutely choose to ignore. The full Board felt CSI was important enough to be a directive, not just a recommendation. You take away that power from the Board.
Also, the use of pronouns are sort of out of vogue at the moment. I would suggest changing "him/her designee" where designated to "their designee".
FWIW.
73; Mike W7VO
On 06/15/2022 11:34 AM Art Zygielbaum <k0aiz@arrl.org> wrote:
I appreciate the comments I've received on this proposed motion. Carl Luetzelschwab, K0LA, suggested inserting three commas to make sure all statements read correctly. I've inserted those commas in the attached version. Thanks for catching these, Carl.
Unless something major comes up, I don't plan on another revision.
Thanks and 73,
Art K0AIZ
The ECFSC is a new and very important addition to our standing committees. While strongly supporting that committee, we also need to be very mindful, as stated in the ARRL Policy on Board Governance and Conduct of Members, that, "A Board member must appreciate the strategic and policy role of the Board, and respect the separate and distinct roles of the CEO and ARRL staff to responsibly manage and administer ARRL’s day-to-day activities."
In that light, I hereby propose amendments to By-Law 40 to better align the relationship between the ECFSC and ARRL staff with board policy and best board practice.
For your consideration, the motion to modify the By-Law is attached. The reason for most of the modifications should be readily apparent. The seventh bullet is dropped because it becomes redundant with the proposed wording. The ninth bullet is dropped to assure that the board president has full authority to appoint committee members as appropriate. The section on Initial Membership is dropped because it is no longer relevant. I also numbered the bullets so that they can be referenced more easily.
Please let me know if you have questions or comments.
Respectfully submitted,
Art K0AIZ
-- Arthur I. Zygielbaum, K0AIZ ARRL Midwest Division Director Chair, Ethics and Elections Committee Member, Programs and Services Committee ARRL - The national association for Amateur Radio® _______________________________________________ arrl-odv mailing list arrl-odv@reflector.arrl.org https://reflector.arrl.org/mailman/listinfo/arrl-odv
arrl-odv mailing list arrl-odv@reflector.arrl.org https://reflector.arrl.org/mailman/listinfo/arrl-odv
Art, Jeff, Mike, I am also struggling with the words, as they subsequently reminded me of the Clean Signal Initiative by the PSC. Mike beat me to the punch, though, in bringing it up. The words in By-Law 39 and 40 should reflect the true process - right now I don't think they do that. Using the first paragraph in By-Law 39 (PSC) as an example, I suggest the first paragraph should be stated as such: Create and modify services and programs that address and support DX awards, contests, radio sport, W1AW, W1AW services, Logbook of The World and the incoming and outgoing QSL bureau services. Bring the new and/or modified initiatives to the Board for a vote. That's it. By-Law 35 then takes over. I see no reason to have "CEO" in By-Laws 39 and 40. By-Law 38 could maybe be addressed, too, in this arena. Carl K9LA ________________________________ From: arrl-odv <arrl-odv-bounces@reflector.arrl.org> on behalf of Michael Ritz <w7vo@comcast.net> Sent: Wednesday, June 15, 2022 3:43 PM To: arrl-odv <arrl-odv@reflector.arrl.org> Subject: [arrl-odv:33791] Re: Motion to modify By-Law 40: ECFSC -- Revision 1 Art/Jeff; I'll throw in my two watts here, and for the entertainment of ODV: Executive summary: I do not support this motion, as it absolutely neuters what the ECFSC committee can do regarding initiating any new programs that have the support of the full Board. An example of where this comes into play is the recent Clean Signal Initiative (CSI), which was authored through a select working group, fully supported and approved by the Standing Committee, (in this case the PSC), then voted upon 15-0 to enact as a formal program by the full Board last January. The motion does in-fact direct (not recommend), the CEO to incorporate the articles to support the CSI as listed in the motion. It appears that your changes gives the CEO, or their designee the power to override Board standing committee recommendations and decisions. In the case of the CSI, it would have gone to the CEO as a recommendation that he could absolutely choose to ignore. The full Board felt CSI was important enough to be a directive, not just a recommendation. You take away that power from the Board. Also, the use of pronouns are sort of out of vogue at the moment. I would suggest changing "him/her designee" where designated to "their designee". FWIW. 73; Mike W7VO
On 06/15/2022 11:34 AM Art Zygielbaum <k0aiz@arrl.org> wrote:
I appreciate the comments I've received on this proposed motion. Carl Luetzelschwab, K0LA, suggested inserting three commas to make sure all statements read correctly. I've inserted those commas in the attached version. Thanks for catching these, Carl.
Unless something major comes up, I don't plan on another revision.
Thanks and 73,
Art K0AIZ
The ECFSC is a new and very important addition to our standing committees. While strongly supporting that committee, we also need to be very mindful, as stated in the ARRL Policy on Board Governance and Conduct of Members, that, "A Board member must appreciate the strategic and policy role of the Board, and respect the separate and distinct roles of the CEO and ARRL staff to responsibly manage and administer ARRL’s day-to-day activities."
In that light, I hereby propose amendments to By-Law 40 to better align the relationship between the ECFSC and ARRL staff with board policy and best board practice.
For your consideration, the motion to modify the By-Law is attached. The reason for most of the modifications should be readily apparent. The seventh bullet is dropped because it becomes redundant with the proposed wording. The ninth bullet is dropped to assure that the board president has full authority to appoint committee members as appropriate. The section on Initial Membership is dropped because it is no longer relevant. I also numbered the bullets so that they can be referenced more easily.
Please let me know if you have questions or comments.
Respectfully submitted,
Art K0AIZ
-- Arthur I. Zygielbaum, K0AIZ ARRL Midwest Division Director Chair, Ethics and Elections Committee Member, Programs and Services Committee ARRL - The national association for Amateur Radio® _______________________________________________ arrl-odv mailing list arrl-odv@reflector.arrl.org https://reflector.arrl.org/mailman/listinfo/arrl-odv
arrl-odv mailing list arrl-odv@reflector.arrl.org https://reflector.arrl.org/mailman/listinfo/arrl-odv
Carl, I tried to address that in my last email. But I appreciate your concern. This will make good fodder for a discussion whatever the final outcome. Art -- Arthur I. Zygielbaum, K0AIZ ARRL Midwest Division Director Chair, Ethics and Elections Committee Member, Programs and Services Committee ARRL - The national association for Amateur Radio® On 6/15/2022 3:39 PM, Luetzelschwab, Carl, K9LA (Dir, CD) wrote:
Art, Jeff, Mike,
I am also struggling with the words, as they subsequently reminded me of the Clean Signal Initiative by the PSC. Mike beat me to the punch, though, in bringing it up. The words in By-Law 39 and 40 should reflect the true process - right now I don't think they do that.
Using the first paragraph in By-Law 39 (PSC) as an example, I suggest the first paragraph should be stated as such:
/Create and modify services and programs that address and support DX awards, contests, radio sport, W1AW, W1AW services, Logbook of The World and the incoming and outgoing QSL bureau services. Bring the new and/or modified initiatives to the Board for a vote./
That's it. By-Law 35 then takes over. I see no reason to have "CEO" in By-Laws 39 and 40. By-Law 38 could maybe be addressed, too, in this arena.
Carl K9LA
------------------------------------------------------------------------ *From:* arrl-odv <arrl-odv-bounces@reflector.arrl.org> on behalf of Michael Ritz <w7vo@comcast.net> *Sent:* Wednesday, June 15, 2022 3:43 PM *To:* arrl-odv <arrl-odv@reflector.arrl.org> *Subject:* [arrl-odv:33791] Re: Motion to modify By-Law 40: ECFSC -- Revision 1 Art/Jeff;
I'll throw in my two watts here, and for the entertainment of ODV:
Executive summary: I do not support this motion, as it absolutely neuters what the ECFSC committee can do regarding initiating any new programs that have the support of the full Board.
An example of where this comes into play is the recent Clean Signal Initiative (CSI), which was authored through a select working group, fully supported and approved by the Standing Committee, (in this case the PSC), then voted upon 15-0 to enact as a formal program by the full Board last January. The motion does in-fact direct (not recommend), the CEO to incorporate the articles to support the CSI as listed in the motion.
It appears that your changes gives the CEO, or their designee the power to override Board standing committee recommendations and decisions. In the case of the CSI, it would have gone to the CEO as a recommendation that he could absolutely choose to ignore. The full Board felt CSI was important enough to be a directive, not just a recommendation. You take away that power from the Board.
Also, the use of pronouns are sort of out of vogue at the moment. I would suggest changing "him/her designee" where designated to "their designee".
FWIW.
73; Mike W7VO
On 06/15/2022 11:34 AM Art Zygielbaum <k0aiz@arrl.org> wrote:
I appreciate the comments I've received on this proposed motion. Carl Luetzelschwab, K0LA, suggested inserting three commas to make sure all statements read correctly. I've inserted those commas in the attached version. Thanks for catching these, Carl.
Unless something major comes up, I don't plan on another revision.
Thanks and 73,
Art K0AIZ
The ECFSC is a new and very important addition to our standing committees. While strongly supporting that committee, we also need to be very mindful, as stated in the ARRL Policy on Board Governance and Conduct of Members, that, "A Board member must appreciate the strategic and policy role of the Board, and respect the separate and distinct roles of the CEO and ARRL staff to responsibly manage and administer ARRL’s day-to-day activities."
In that light, I hereby propose amendments to By-Law 40 to better align the relationship between the ECFSC and ARRL staff with board policy and best board practice.
For your consideration, the motion to modify the By-Law is attached. The reason for most of the modifications should be readily apparent. The seventh bullet is dropped because it becomes redundant with the proposed wording. The ninth bullet is dropped to assure that the board president has full authority to appoint committee members as appropriate. The section on Initial Membership is dropped because it is no longer relevant. I also numbered the bullets so that they can be referenced more easily.
Please let me know if you have questions or comments.
Respectfully submitted,
Art K0AIZ
-- Arthur I. Zygielbaum, K0AIZ ARRL Midwest Division Director Chair, Ethics and Elections Committee Member, Programs and Services Committee ARRL - The national association for Amateur Radio® _______________________________________________ arrl-odv mailing list arrl-odv@reflector.arrl.org https://reflector.arrl.org/mailman/listinfo/arrl-odv
arrl-odv mailing list arrl-odv@reflector.arrl.org https://reflector.arrl.org/mailman/listinfo/arrl-odv .
1. From ARRL Bylaw 35, The Chief Executive Officer shall manage theaffairs of the League under the DIRECTION of the Board of Directors. (emphasis added) 2. From the January 2019 ARRL Board meeting minutes - Minute #16. Mr. Abernethy moved and Dr. Woolweaver seconded that: Whereas, The Board of Directors desires to repeal the ARRL Policy on Board Governance and Conduct of Members of the Board of Directors and Vice Directors; It is accordingly resolved that: That the ARRL Policy on Board Governance and Conduct of Members of the Board of Directors and Vice Directors, adopted on or about January 20-21, 2017 and amended on or about January 19-20, 2018 by the Board of Directors is hereby RESCINDED effective immediately upon adoption by the Board of Directors of The American Radio Relay (emphasis added) -------------------- Amateur Radio is a broad and changing avocation / service. The breadth of capabilities present in the Board will hopefully allow us to be aware of trends and needs and respond appropriately . I find the existing language suitable to continue to serve our membership.. I am not a member of the ECFSC. I expect the members will be able to function effectively under the existing Bylaw 40. I do not find lack of attention to a major ARRL Bylaw that defines the relationship between the Board and CEO, and then referencing a discredited and rescinded policy statement to be convincing arguments for adopting this motion. I do not intend to support it. 73, Dick, N6AA On Wednesday, June 15, 2022, 11:33:52 AM PDT, Art Zygielbaum <k0aiz@arrl.org> wrote: I appreciate the comments I've received on this proposed motion. Carl Luetzelschwab, K0LA, suggested inserting three commas to make sure all statements read correctly. I've inserted those commas in the attached version. Thanks for catching these, Carl. Unless something major comes up, I don't plan on another revision. Thanks and 73, Art K0AIZ The ECFSC is a new and very important addition to our standing committees. While strongly supporting that committee, we also need to be very mindful, as stated in the ARRL Policy on Board Governance and Conduct of Members, that, "A Board member must appreciate the strategic and policy role of the Board, and respect the separate and distinct roles of the CEO and ARRL staff to responsibly manage and administer ARRL’s day-to-day activities." In that light, I hereby propose amendments to By-Law 40 to better align the relationship between the ECFSC and ARRL staff with board policy and best board practice. For your consideration, the motion to modify the By-Law is attached. The reason for most of the modifications should be readily apparent. The seventh bullet is dropped because it becomes redundant with the proposed wording. The ninth bullet is dropped to assure that the board president has full authority to appoint committee members as appropriate. The section on Initial Membership is dropped because it is no longer relevant. I also numbered the bullets so that they can be referenced more easily. Please let me know if you have questions or comments. Respectfully submitted, Art K0AIZ -- Arthur I. Zygielbaum, K0AIZ ARRL Midwest Division Director Chair, Ethics and Elections Committee Member, Programs and Services Committee ARRL - The national association for Amateur Radio® _______________________________________________ arrl-odv mailing list arrl-odv@reflector.arrl.org https://reflector.arrl.org/mailman/listinfo/arrl-odv
Absolutely agree. Art -- Arthur I. Zygielbaum, K0AIZ ARRL Midwest Division Director Chair, Ethics and Elections Committee Member, Programs and Services Committee ARRL - The national association for Amateur Radio® On 6/15/2022 4:06 PM, Richard Norton wrote:
1. From ARRL Bylaw 35,
The Chief Executive Officer shall manage the affairs of the League *under the *DIRECTION*of the Board of Directors. *(emphasis added)
2. From the January 2019 ARRL Board meeting minutes -
Minute #16. Mr. Abernethy moved and Dr. Woolweaver seconded that: Whereas, The Board of Directors desires to repeal the ARRL Policy on Board Governance and Conduct of Members of the Board of Directors and Vice Directors; It is accordingly resolved that: That *the ARRL Policy on Board Governance and Conduct of Members of the Board of Directors and Vice Directors, adopted on or about January 20-21, 2017 and amended on or about January 19-20, 2018 by the Board of Directors is hereby*RESCINDED*effective immediately upon adoption by the Board of Directors of The American Radio Relay * (emphasis added)
--------------------
Amateur Radio is a broad and changing avocation / service. The breadth of capabilities present in the Board will hopefully allow us to be aware of trends and needs and respond appropriately . I find the existing language suitable to continue to serve our membership..
I am not a member of the ECFSC. I expect the members will be able to function effectively under the existing Bylaw 40.
I do not find lack of attention to a major ARRL Bylaw that defines the relationship between the Board and CEO, and then referencing a discredited and rescinded policy statement to be convincing arguments for adopting this motion.
I do not intend to support it.
73,
Dick, N6AA
On Wednesday, June 15, 2022, 11:33:52 AM PDT, Art Zygielbaum <k0aiz@arrl.org> wrote:
I appreciate the comments I've received on this proposed motion. Carl Luetzelschwab, K0LA, suggested inserting three commas to make sure all statements read correctly. I've inserted those commas in the attached version. Thanks for catching these, Carl.
Unless something major comes up, I don't plan on another revision.
Thanks and 73,
Art K0AIZ
The ECFSC is a new and very important addition to our standing committees. While strongly supporting that committee, we also need to be very mindful, as stated in the ARRL Policy on Board Governance and Conduct of Members, that, "A Board member must appreciate the strategic and policy role of the Board, and respect the separate and distinct roles of the CEO and ARRL staff to responsibly manage and administer ARRL’s day-to-day activities."
In that light, I hereby propose amendments to By-Law 40 to better align the relationship between the ECFSC and ARRL staff with board policy and best board practice.
For your consideration, the motion to modify the By-Law is attached. The reason for most of the modifications should be readily apparent. The seventh bullet is dropped because it becomes redundant with the proposed wording. The ninth bullet is dropped to assure that the board president has full authority to appoint committee members as appropriate. The section on Initial Membership is dropped because it is no longer relevant. I also numbered the bullets so that they can be referenced more easily.
Please let me know if you have questions or comments.
Respectfully submitted,
Art K0AIZ
-- Arthur I. Zygielbaum, K0AIZ ARRL Midwest Division Director Chair, Ethics and Elections Committee Member, Programs and Services Committee ARRL - The national association for Amateur Radio® _______________________________________________ arrl-odv mailing list arrl-odv@reflector.arrl.org https://reflector.arrl.org/mailman/listinfo/arrl-odv
participants (5)
-
Art Zygielbaum -
Arthur I. Zygielbaum -
Luetzelschwab, Carl, K9LA (Dir, CD) -
Michael Ritz -
Richard Norton